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Cholera Hides in Biofilm
"The germ that causes cholera (Vibrio cholerae) forms a biofilm that enables it to survive in the presence of chlorine in concentrations 1000 to 2000% higher than that found in chlorinated drinking water."
Allen Rathey
Reference: Stanford University
Plasmodium falciparum plasmodial schizont, or segmenter, in an erythrocyte (red blood cell) after completion of division. A residual body is left over after division (green). The red blood cell has lysed and only a ghost red blood cell membrane (no cytoplasm) is seen surrounding the new merozoites that are just being released. Free merozoites can be seen outside the ghost red blood cell membrane. The cytoplasm of the merozoites contains a nucleus (yellow), mitochondria (pink) and rhoptry bulbs (purple). Malaria is caused by Plasmodium spp., parasitic single-celled protozoans called plasmodia. Malaria is spread to humans by species of tropical mosquitoes (Anopheles species). Infection spreads from the liver to the blood, where the plasmodium multiplies inside red blood cells. The plasmodial parasite reproduces asexually in the red blood cells significantly destroying many red blood cells. There are four stages of the parasite that develop in human red blood cells - merozoite stage, ring stage, trophozoite stage and schizont stage. Release of mature Plasmodium merozoites results in further infection and produces bouts of shivering fever (paroxysms) and sweating that may be fatal.
Magnification: x2,810
Copyright Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.
This image is the property of Dennis Kunkel and Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. The image is copyrighted and any reproduction without direct approval is expressly prohibited.
For permission to license and use this image, please contact Dennis Kunkel:
Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.
P.O. Box 2008
Kailua, HI 96734
Phone: 808-263-0583
Email: kunkel@denniskunkel.com
www.denniskunkel.com
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