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HIV / AIDS
At the end of 2003, an estimated 1,039,000 to 1,185,000 persons in the United States were living with HIV/AIDS. In 2005, 37,331 cases of HIV/AIDS in adults, adolescents, and children were diagnosed in the 33 states with long-term, confidential name-based HIV reporting. CDC has estimated that approximately 40,000 persons in the United States become infected with HIV each year.
CDC
By Griffith CJ, Cooper RA, Gilmore J, Davies C, Lewis M.
A four-part study assessing cleanliness in up to 113 environmental surfaces in an operating theater and a hospital ward was reported. Surfaces were assessed visually, using microbiological methods and ATP bioluminescence. Results from a preliminary random survey indicated variability in cleanliness. These results were then used to select sites for monitoring before and after routine cleaning, over a 14-day period. Using published microbiological and ATP specifications 70 and 76% of these sites were unacceptable after cleaning. Visual assessment was a poor indicator of cleaning efficacy with only 18% considered unacceptable. Sites most likely to fail in the ward were in the toilet and kitchen, areas which are frequently implicated in the spread of infectious intestinal disease. Operating theater sites had lower ATP results but 61% of sites would be considered unacceptable. There was no significant difference in general microbiological or ATP results overall before and after routine cleaning. Although some important hand contact sites showed no significant difference, overall there was a significant decrease in staphylococcal and enterobacteria counts in the ward but not in the operating theater after cleaning. The routine cleaning programs used did not include a biocide and cleaning using a hypochlorite based sanitizer gave much lower values. The results are discussed in relation to infection control, cleaning audits and cleaning schedules: an integrated cleaning monitoring program using ATP bioluminescence in conjunction with visual and microbiological assessments is recommended. Copyright 2000 The Hospital Infection Society.
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Comment by Lynn Krafft on April 2nd, 2010 at 10:46am
"The routine cleaning programs used did not include a biocide..."
Nor should they. There is cleaning (visible soil removal) and there is disinfection (anti-microbial activity). They are not the same, nor do they have the same objectives.
Saying that routine cleaning programs do not include biocides is like saying that bicycles do not have pontoons. There is a reason for that. They are not needed.
If it was determined that a microbial reduction or hygienic cleaning program was lacking in an effective disinfectant (biocide), or, as has been revealed recently, that some disinfectants are much more efficacious than others, that would be interesting news.
Saying that routine cleaning efforts don't kill microbials, could lead to the assumption that they should. But when they do, ALL areas cleaned will be exposed to biocides and that will prove an ecological and financial disaster.
Obviously, only certain areas and surfaces within those areas require microbial reduction or destruction. Use hygienic cleaning in those areas only and stop concluding that an economy car is unsatisfactory transportation because it will not carry 40 people.
An economy car is not a bus and most people are not confused about the two. Why are hospital people constantly confused about routine surface cleaning and disinfection?