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HIV / AIDS
At the end of 2003, an estimated 1,039,000 to 1,185,000 persons in the United States were living with HIV/AIDS. In 2005, 37,331 cases of HIV/AIDS in adults, adolescents, and children were diagnosed in the 33 states with long-term, confidential name-based HIV reporting. CDC has estimated that approximately 40,000 persons in the United States become infected with HIV each year.
CDC
By Christophe Espirito Santo, Ee Wen Lam, Christian G. Elowsky, Davide Quaranta, Dylan W.Domaille, Christopher J. Chang, Gregor Grass
Abstract
Metallic copper surfaces rapidly and efficiently kill bacteria. Cells exposed to copper surfaces accumulated large amounts of copper ions, and this copper uptake was faster from dry copper than from moist copper. Cells suffered extensive membrane damage within minutes of exposure to dry copper. Further, cells removed from copper showed loss of cell integrity. Acute contact with metallic copper surfaces did not result in increased mutation rates or DNA lesions. These findings are important first steps for revealing the molecular sensitive targets in cells lethally challenged by exposure to copper surfaces and provide a scientific explanation for the use of copper surfaces as antimicrobial agents for supporting public hygiene.
Authors
Christophe Espírito Santo - 1,2
Ee Wen Lam - 2
Christian G. Elowsky - 3
Davide Quaranta - 2
Dylan W. Domaille - 4
Christopher J. Chang - 4
Gregor Grass - 2*
Author Affiliations
1 - Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, and Marine and Environmental Research Center (IMAR-CMA), 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
2 - School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
3 - Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
4 - Department of Chemistry and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
*Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Beadle Center, E141, Lincoln, NE 68588. Phone: (402) 472-2849. Fax: (402) 472-8722. E-mail: ggrass2@unl.edu
American Society for Microbiology
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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